The Power of Routines for Kids with Autism, ADHD and more

Routines are a cornerstone of daily life, we often have a routine without even realizing that we follow it each day. Routines provide predictability and stability in our lives. For neurodivergent children, such as those with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), amongst other conditions, routines often are a transformative tool for reducing anxiety, improving focus, and fostering independence. Let’s explore the benefits of routine and share practical tips for creating a structure that works for your child and family.

Why Routines Matter for Neurodivergent Kids

Neurodivergent children often process the world differently, which can make unpredictability feel overwhelming. A well-structured routine offers:

1. Predictability: Knowing what comes next helps reduce anxiety and create a sense of safety.

2. Skill Building: Repeated activities within a routine help children develop essential life skills and independence.

3. Emotional Regulation: Consistency provides a calming effect, helping children better manage their emotions.

4. Improved Focus: Clear expectations allow children to transition between activities more easily, reducing distractions.
   

Routines for a Neurodivergent Child

For autistic children, the "First-Then" strategy has been incredibly successful in helping a child develop routine. This is where a child is expected to complete a less preferred activity ("first") before being allowed to engage in a preferred activity ("then"), often using visual aids to clearly communicate the sequence and motivate them to act. The younger your child, or depending on their abilities, the more detailed you may need to be. 

It’s also helpful to have this routine be visual. Research and studies have shown that neurodivergent children do better with the use of visual supports. Current research is showing that color photographs of an object creates a stronger connection with the child. For example, a photograph of an apple, representing the snack they will eat at lunch, can be more beneficial than a line drawing of an apple.

For children old enough to use a smartphone, visual planning apps, like THRIVE, use visual cues to plan schedules, tasks, and subtasks, and notifications help kids go about their day with less assistance, instilling independence and confidence.

While THRIVE has icons, you can easily upload your own photos, helping the child recognize familiar objects. For instance, you can take a photo of your child’s toothbrush for a quicker understanding.

Building a Routine: Key Steps

Routines for Kids with Autism, ADHD, and other neurodivergent conditions are a powerful way to help them achieve confidence and reduce anxiety.

1. Understand Your Child’s Needs: Each child is unique, so consider their sensory preferences, energy levels, and attention span. Some children may thrive with a detailed schedule, while others need flexibility within a structured framework.

2. Create a Visual Schedule: Visual aids like charts, pictures, or digital apps can make routines easier to understand. For younger children, use images; for older kids, written schedules or calendars work well.

3. Start Small: Introduce one or two routines at a time, such as a bedtime or morning routine. Gradually add more as your child becomes comfortable.

4. Be Consistent: Stick to the schedule as much as possible. Consistency helps solidify the routine and build trust.

5. Include Breaks and Downtime: Neurodivergent kids often need time to recharge. Build in moments for relaxation or sensory breaks throughout the day.

6. Celebrate Success: Acknowledge and praise your child’s efforts in following the routine. Positive reinforcement builds confidence and motivation.

Flexibility Within Structure

While consistency is essential, life happens. Be prepared to adapt when necessary and communicate changes to your child in advance when possible. For example, use timers or countdowns to ease transitions when breaking from the routine.

Partnering with Your Child

Involve your child in the process of creating their routine. Let them pick activities, decide the order, or choose visuals for the schedule. When children feel ownership over their routine, they’re more likely to embrace it.

The power of routine lies in its ability to create a predictable and supportive environment for neurodivergent kids. While it may take time to establish and refine, the benefits for your child’s emotional well-being, focus, and independence are well worth the effort. Remember, every small step toward structure is a big step toward success.

What routines have worked well for your family? Share your experiences in the comments or connect with other parents to exchange ideas and support!